Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis ke-3

1.     Degrees of Comparison

Comparison is a feature in the morphology or syntax of some languages, where by adjectives and adverbs are inflected or modified to indicate the relative degree of the property defined by the adjective or adverb.  

Degree of comparison is one of English grammar are often used in practice both written and conversational. The material degree of comparison is included in the category adverbal and adjectives for use both these elements to create a degree of comparison sentence.

According to the Oxford Dictionary, Degree of comparison is the grammar made from adjective and adverb to compare something. In other words, the degree of comparison is the adjective  or adverb to declare a comparison. Degree of comparison itself is divided into three, namely positive, comparative and superlative, all three are equally serves as something used to compare.

1.      Positif Degree

Is used to express the level of the comparison, but there is no change to the adjective or an adverb his, positive degree using the 'US' as the level of comparison.

Example :

a.       You are as small as my sister.

b.      Viki is as smart as Imel.

c.       He is as tall as his uncle.

d.      Life is not as difficult as you think.

e.       Your smile is as sweet as mine.

2.      Comparative Degree

Comparative used to express the comparison, where the adjective (adjective) and adverb (adverb) changes. If the adjective or adverb is composed of one syllable such as smart, big, low then add in the 'er' if more than one syllable like handsome, beautiful, expensive then add in the 'More', then any comparison in the added ' than 'meaning' than.

Examples :

a.       Magazine is more interesting than newspaper.

b.      My house is larger than Neni’s house.

c.       That girl is higher than this girl.

d.      I ran faster than you did.

e.       This box is bigger than that.

3.      Superlative Degree

Superlative used to express the comparison, where the adjective and adverb changes. If the adjective or adverb is composed of one syllable such as smart, big, low then add in the 'est' if more than one syllable like handsome, beautiful, expensive then add in the 'Most', the superlative is used to compare at least 3 or more and it always begins with the word 'the'.

Examples :

a.       Your heart is the coldest of all.

b.      I run the fastest in my class.

c.       This island is the largest island in this country.

d.      That girl is the most beautiful on in this class.

e.       I will do my best to help you.

2.     Question Word

In English, Question words is the words that use to ask something like place, people, reason, way and so'on. In Indonesian, question words is a collection of words used to ask the time, place, reason, way and so forth.

Question Word	Fungsi	Contoh Kalimat Question Words
what (apa)	Question word ini digunakan untuk menanyakan benda atau hal (thing).	What do you want from me? (Apa yang kamu inginkan dari saya?)
		What are you doing here? (Apa yang sedang kamu lakukan disini?)
where (dimana)	Where digunakan untuk menanyakan tempat (place).	Where does he live? (Dimana dia tinggal?)
when (kapan)	Question word ini digunakan untuk menanyakan waktu (time)	When does the train from Yogyakarta arrive? (Kapan kereta dari Yogyakarta tiba?)
why (mengapa)	Kata ini digunakan untuk menanyakan alasan (reason).	Why do you hate cats? (Mengapa kamu benci kucing?)
which (yang mana)	Question word ini untuk menanyakan orang (person), benda atau hal (thing) yang mana yang dimaksud diantara sejumlah orang, benda, atau hal.	Which one is better? (Yang mana yang lebih baik?)
who (siapa – subject)	Question word ini digunakan untuk menanyakan orang (person).	Who send me a letter? (Siapa yang mengirimiku surat?)
		Who is that man? (Siapa pria itu?)
whom (siapa – object)	Whom digunakan untuk menanyakan orang yang menerima aksi, atau dengan kata lain: direct object.	Whom are you going to meet? (Siapa yang akan kamu temui?)
whose (siapa – possessive)	Question word ini digunakan untuk orang yang mana yang memiliki sesuatu (possessive).	Whose turn is it? (Giliran siapa?)
how (bagaimana)	How digunakan untuk menanyakan cara (manner). Question word ini juga dapat dikombinasikan dengan dengan berbagai huruf menjadi: how often (seberapa sering), how far (berapa jauh), how much/many (berapa banyak), how long(berapa lama).	How did you meet your soulmate? (Bagaimana kamu bertemu belahan jiwamu?)
		How often should I change my toothbrush? (Seberapa sering saya harus mengganti sikat gigi?)
		How far is moon from earth? (Berapa jauh bulan dari bumi?)
		How much do we need? (Berapa banyak yang kita butuhkan?)
		How long does it take to get pregnant? (Berapa lama waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk hamil?)

3.     Analyze 5W + 1H in English Newspaper

Jakarta
Posted: Thu, May 19 2016 | 07:35 am

Bank indonesia (BI) Governor Agus Martowardjojo said on Wednesday that the country’s foreign debt remained at a safe level, as long term loans dominated obligations.

According to BI data, long term debt reached US $277.9 billion at the end of March,88 perfect of the total foreign debt of $316 billion. The value of long-term loans grew by 7.9 percant year on year (yoy), slower than the annual increase of 9.2 percent booked in te previous quarter.

Show-term foreign debt,meanwhile, fell by 8.4 percent yoy to $38.1 billion. That compares to an annual decrease of 13.7 percent recorded in the fourth quarter of last year.

Agus said private-sector short-term loans form non-affiliated creditors were the most sensitive but made up just 5 perfect of the total loans as of March.

“So,Indonesia’s foreign debt is generally well managed and controlled,” he asserted on the sidelines of the islamic Development Bank’s 41st Annual Meeting in Jakarta.

Total foreign debt grew by 5.7 percent yoy and was equivalent to 36.5 perfect of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP), similiar to the 36 perfect of GDP seen in the previous quarter.

BI data also reveal that private sector debt amounted to $164.7 billion,or 52 perfecnt of the total debt value,as of March and was dominated by loans from the finance, manufakturing, mining and electricity, gas and clean water sectors, while government and the cental bank loans amounted to $151.3 billion. Private sector loans fell by 1 perfect yoy  after rising 2.3 perfect yoy in the previous quarter.

“It’s a positive step to see private sector loans decrease” DBS Bank economist Gundy Cahyadi wrote in an email to the Jakarta Post on Wednesday.

BI’spolicy objective in the last two years had beeeeb to put the brakes on loan growth,so that companies were not over leveraged, he said, adding that lower short term foreign debt was also good for the country.

That is because, in the event of capital outflows, the market’s focus will be on whether our foreign exchange reserves can plug the outflows.” He said.

The ratio of short term loans to foreign exchange reserves fell to 35.5 perfect as of March versus 36.7 perfect at the and last year, BI data show. (dan)

Analyze 5W +1H :

a.       What is the topic ? Discussion of debt abroad who are in the Country

b.      Who? Bank Indonesia and Governor Agus Martowardjojo

c.       Where ? The islamic Development Bank’s 41st Annual Meeting in Jakarta.

d.      When ? Wednesday, May 18 2016

e.       Why ? Total foreign debt grew by 5.7 percent yoy and was equivalent to 36.5 perfect of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP), similiar to the 36 perfect of GDP seen in the previous quarter.

f.        How ? BI data also reveal that private sector debt amounted to $164.7 billion,or 52 perfecnt of the total debt value,as of March and was dominated by loans from the finance, manufakturing, mining and electricity, gas and clean water sectors, while government and the cental bank loans amounted to $151.3 billion. Private sector loans fell by 1 perfect yoy  after rising 2.3 perfect yoy in the previous quarter.

Dafar Pustaka :

http://inggrisonline.com/penjelasan-lengkap-tentang-degree-of-comparison-superlative-comparative/

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-degree-comparison

http://www.inggrisonline.com/penjelasan-lengkap-tentang-degree-of-comparison-superlative-comparative

Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

ACTIVE AND PASIVE SENTENCES, RELATIV CLAUSE,

AND CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

1.         Active Sentences

Active sentence is written in active voice when the subject of the sentence performs the action in the sentence.

Here are some more examples of active sentences:

ü   The school provided rubbish bin two months ago

ü   Tina is reading the book

ü   We celebrate school annyversary every year

ü   Forest burning has produced a lot of pollution

ü   The students will play basketball

ü   The band plays the music

ü   The girl is picking up the flowers

ü   His school will build a new meeting hall

ü   The goverment announces the news to all people in city

ü   The principal gave the certificates to the students

2.        Passive Sentences

Passive Sentences  a sentence is written in passive voice when the subject of the sentence has an action done to it by someone or something else.

Here are some example of Passive Sentences

ü   The book is being read by Tina

ü   The school annyversary is celebrated every year

ü   A lot of pollution has been produced by forest burning

ü   The basketball will be played by the students

ü   The rubbish bin was provided by the school two months ago

ü   The music is being plays by the band

ü   The flowers are being picked up by the girl

ü   TA new meeting hall will be built by this school

ü   The news is announced to all people in the city by the goverment

ü   The certificates were given to the students by the principal

3.        Relative Clauses

We use relative clauses to give additional information about something without starting another sentence. By combining sentences with a relative clause, your text becomes more fluent and you can avoid repeating certain words.

o      Defining relative clause

We use defining relative clauses to give essential information about someone or something – information that we need in order to understand what or who is being referred to. A defining relative clause usually comes immediately after the noun it describes.

In defining relative clauses we often use that instead of who, whom orwhich. This is very common in informal speaking:

ü   They’re the people that want to buy our house.

ü   Here are some cells that have been affected.

ü   They should give the money to somebody who they think needs the treatment most.

o      Non-defining relative clauses

We use non-defining relative clauses to give extra information about the person or thing. It is not necessary information. We don’t need it to understand who or what is being referred to.

We always use a relative pronoun (who, which, whose or whom) to introduce a non-defining relative clause (In the examples, the relative clause is in bold, and the person or thing being referred to is underlined).

ü   Clare, who I work with, is doing the London marathon this year.

ü   Doctors use the testing kit for regular screening for lung and stomach cancers, which account for 70% of cancers treated in the western world.

ü   Alice, who has worked in Brussels and London ever since leaving Edinburgh, will be starting a teaching course in the autumn.

4.        Conditional Sentences

Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences.

o      Conditional Sentence Type 1

It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form:

if + Simple Present, will-Future

Example: If I find her address, I will send her an invitation.

The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.

Example: I will send her an invitation if I find her address.

Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Simple Present und will-Future on how to form negative sentences.

Example: If I don’t see him this afternoon, I will phone him in the evening.

Use :

Conditional Sentences Type I refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to happen.

Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.

I want to send an invitation to a friend. I just have to find her address. I am quite sure, however, that I will find it.

Example: If John has the money, he will buy a Ferrari.

I know John very well and I know that he earns a lot of money and that he loves Ferraris. So I think it is very likely that sooner or later he will have the money to buy a Ferrari.

Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.

o      Conditional Sentence Type II

It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form:

if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)

Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.

Example: I would send her an invitation if I found her address.

Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Simple Past und Conditional I on how to form negative sentences.

Example: If I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t stay here.

Were instead of Was

In IF Clauses Type II, we usually use ‚were‘ – even if the pronoun is I, he, she or it –.

Example: If I were you, I would not do this.

Use :

Conditional Sentences Type II refer to situations in the present. An action could happen if the present situation were different. I don't really expect the situation to change, however. I just imagine „what would happen if …“

Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation..

I would like to send an invitation to a friend. I have looked everywhere for her address, but I cannot find it. So now I think it is rather unlikely that I will eventually find her address.

Example: If John had the money, he would buy a Ferrari.

I know John very well and I know that he doesn't have much money, but he loves Ferraris. He would like to own a Ferrari (in his dreams). But I think it is very unlikely that he will have the money to buy one in the near future.

o      Conditional Sentence Type 3

It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.

Form:

if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)

Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.

Example: I would have sent her an invitation if I had found her address

Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Past Perfect and Conditional II on how to form negative sentences.

Example: If I hadn’t studied, I wouldn’t have passed my exams.

Use :

Conditional Sentences Type III refer to situations in the past. An action could have happened in the past if a certain condition had been fulfilled. Things were different then, however. We just imagine, what would have happened if the situation had been fulfilled.

Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

Sometime in the past, I wanted to send an invitation to a friend. I didn't find her address, however. So in the end I didn't send her an invitation.

Example: If John had had the money, he would have bought a Ferrari.

I knew John very well and I know that he never had much money, but he loved Ferraris. He would have loved to own a Ferrari, but he never had the money to buy one.

http://grammar-monster.com/glossary/active_sentences.html

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/relative-clauses-defining-and-non-defining

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences